Fibromyalgia, NOT in Patient's Heads
Fibromylagia not in patients heads
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Fibromyalgia Pain Isn’t All In Patients’ Heads, New Brain Study Finds
ANN ARBOR, MI – A new brain-scan study confirms scientifically what fibromyalgia patients have been telling a skeptical medical community for years: They’re really in pain.
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Mind & Brain
In fact, the study finds, people with fibromyalgia say they feel severe pain, and have measurable pain signals in their brains, from a gentle finger squeeze that barely feels unpleasant to people without the disease. The squeeze’s force must be doubled to cause healthy people to feel the same level of pain — and their pain signals show up in different brain areas.
The results, published in the current issue of Arthritis & Rheumatism, the journal of the American College of Rheumatology, may offer the proof of fibromyalgia’s physical roots that many doubtful physicians have sought. It may also open doors for further research on the still-unknown causes of the disease, which affects more than 2 percent of Americans, mainly women.
Lead authors Richard Gracely, Ph.D., and Daniel Clauw, M.D., did the study at Georgetown University Medical Center and the National Institutes of Health, but are now continuing the work at the University of Michigan Health System. In an editorial in the same issue, Clauw and U-M rheumatologist Leslie Crofford, M.D., stress the importance of fibromyalgia research and care.
To correlate subjective pain sensation with objective views of brain signals, the researchers used a super-fast form of MRI brain imaging, called functional MRI or fMRI, on 16 fibromyalgia patients and 16 people without the disease. As a result, they say, the study offers the first objective method for corroborating what fibromyalgia patients report they feel, and what’s going on in their brains at the precise moment they feel it. And, it gives researchers a road map of the areas of the brain that are most — and least — active when patients feel pain.
"The fMRI technology gave us a unique opportunity to look at the neurobiology underlying tenderness, which is a hallmark of fibromyalgia," says Clauw. "These results, combined with other work done by our group and others, have convinced us that some pathologic process is making these patients more sensitive. For some reason, still unknown, there’s a neurobiological amplification of their pain signals."
Further results from the study were presented last year at the ACR annual meeting. The project will continue later this year at UMHS, joining other fMRI fibromyalgia research now under way.
For decades, patients and physicians have built a case that fibromyalgia is a specific, diagnosable chronic disease, characterized by tenderness and stiffness all over the body as well as fatigue, headaches, gastrointestinal problems and depression. Many patients with the disease find it interferes with their work, family and personal life. Statistics show that far more women than men are affected, and that it occurs mostly during the childbearing years.
The ACR released classification criteria for fibromyalgia in 1990, to help doctors diagnose it and rule out other chronic pain conditions. Clauw and Crofford’s editorial looks at the current state of research, and calls for rheumatologists to take the lead in fibromyalgia care and science.
But many skeptics have debated the very existence of fibromyalgia as a clearly distinct disorder, saying it seemed to be rooted more in psychological and social factors than in physical, biological causes. Their argument has been bolstered by the failure of research to find a clear cause, an effective treatment, or a non-subjective way of assessing patients.
While the debate has raged, neuroscientists have begun to use brain scan technology to identify the areas of the normal human brain that become most active during pain. A few studies have even assessed the blood flow in those areas in fibromyalgia patients during baseline brain scans. The new study is the first to use both high-speed scanning and a painful stimulus.
In the study, fibromyalgia patients and healthy control subjects had their brains scanned for more than 10 minutes while a small, piston-controlled device applied precisely calibrated, rapidly pulsing pressure to the base of their left thumbnail. The pressures were varied over time, using painful and non-painful levels that had been set for each patient prior to the scan.
The study’s design gave two opportunities to compare patients and controls: the pressure levels at which the pain rating given by patients and control subjects was the same, and the rating that the two different types of participants gave when the same level of pressure was applied.
The researchers found that it only took a mild pressure to produce self-reported feelings of pain in the fibromyalgia patients, while the control subjects tolerated the same pressure with little pain.
"In the patients, that same mild pressure also produced measurable brain responses in areas that process the sensation of pain," says Clauw. "But the same kind of brain responses weren’t seen in control subjects until the pressure on their thumb was more than doubled."
Though brain activity increased in many of the same areas in both patients and control subjects, there were striking differences too. Patients feeling pain from mild pressure had increased activity in 12 areas of their brains, while the control subjects feeling the same pressure had activation in only two areas. When the pressure on the control subjects’ thumbs was increased, so did their pain rating and the number of brain areas activated. But only eight of the areas were the same as those in patients’ brains.
In all, the fibromyalgia patients’ brains had both some areas that were activated in them but not in controls, and some areas that stayed "quiet" in them but became active in the brains of controls feeling the same level of pain. This response suggests that patients have enhanced response to pain in some brain regions, and a diminished response in others, Clauw says.
The study was supported in part by the National Fibromyalgia Research Association, the U.S. Army and the NIH. In addition to Clauw and Gracely, the research team included Frank Petzke, M.D.; and Julie M. Wolf, BA. For more information on fibromyalgia research and treatment at UMHS, visit www.med.umich.edu/intmed/...ogy/fmweb.
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I don't know if I have fibro. I'm always in severe chronic pain, but it may just be arthritis (have it bad in my neck, and have carpal tunnel) -- but they say I don't have AS. Maybe my pain IS psychological (though I doubt it). Anyway, I read somewhere that not eating dairy, sugar, and cold food/drink helps fibro. It may just be an inflammation trigger thing (?), but that does seem to help.
You folks with fibro: Does it just hurt everywhere, like the article was saying, just touching somewhere? Or are certain parts of your body in more pain than others?
Re: wow
there are 18 specific tender points located symetrically over your body that are pressed on with a pressure of about 4 pounds that will be extremely tender to the touch. they are located in places like on your shoulders, elboes, hips, upper back, lower back, outside of your knees etc. you have to have 11 of these positive to get the Fibromyalgia diagnosis.
this can effect other muscles too like in your face which mimicks TMJ pain. I hurt all over. muscles don't completely relax. other things can cause extreme muscle pain too. MS for example and various connective tissue disease processes which have to be ruled out as a cause. some medications can have muscle pain as a side effect as well.
Re: wow
Mike,
Great Article.
I had the pressure test done on me, and I think I was 14 out of 18. I cannot remember.
Believe it or not my Dr was the one who suggest that I may have Fibro. I told her nay, I don't think I do. She said to me Janet you are always coming in telling me you are in some kind of pain. I had been tested for RA, AS, and so on, and it would always come up negative.
Well any ways, she gave me the pressure point test and that was it,I was like 14 out of the 18 I believe. And then it made total since to me. I had been in pain for so long and could not figure out what was causing my pain.
I have restless leg syndrome along with tendenitis "but not clinical Dxed with it, that along with and carpel tunnel"
Mine how ever is not that bad. Where I would need to have the Surgery or any thing like that. I believe I had gotten them from Waitressing and Bartending.
But Hay, Kudos to my Dr, as most Dr's would have never press the issue of Fibro. I love my Dr.
Oh, I did not know that gastrointestinal problem's where linked with Fibro. I have them big time. I have had an Colonoscopy and an endo scope in the past nothing came out of that. But a medium hiatal hernia and I have gastroparesis and heartburn too. I have been on Aciphex for like 3 or 4 years now and I totally love that medication. I call it my golden pill. As it works great for me and it is very expensive. Although, I still do get the gastro problems.
I am for sure going to bring this up with my Dr when I see her next month.
Well I have ramble on again and it is getting late and I need to get up early.
Janet
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